{"jurisdiction":{"name":"Finland","slug":"finland","code":"FI","region":"Europe"},"program":{"label":"R&D deduction","headline":"Additional and combined deductions","refundClass":"Non-refundable","proposed":false},"creditIndex":{"score":60,"rank":19,"of":28,"methodologyVersion":"2026.1","scores":{"generosity":58,"refundability":55,"breadth":64,"ease":68}},"authority":{"name":"Finnish Tax Administration","shortName":"Vero","url":"https://www.vero.fi"},"primarySources":[{"label":"Finnish Tax Administration","url":"https://www.vero.fi","type":"authority"}],"lastVerified":"2026-07","estimator":{"available":true,"type":"generic","url":"https://www.creditindex.org/calculator/finland"},"canonical":{"standards":"https://www.creditindex.org/standards/finland","calculator":"https://www.creditindex.org/calculator/finland","directory":"https://www.creditindex.org/directory/finland","facts":"https://www.creditindex.org/standards/finland/facts.json"},"disclaimer":"Informational only, not tax advice. The Credit Index score is an editorial assessment. Rates, refundability, and deadlines change; confirm with the administering authority.","generatedAt":"2026-07-28T06:26:15.607Z"}